Journal: Frontiers in Immunology

Article Title: Activation of the aryl hydrocarbon receptor improves allergen-specific immunotherapy of murine allergic airway inflammation: a novel adjuvant option?

doi: 10.3389/fimmu.2024.1397072

Figure Lengend Snippet: Schematic overview of the murine models used in the study. (A) Model of AIT in OVA-induced AAI, performed in AhR -/- and wild-type mice. (B) Model of murine AIT in OVA-induced AAI to investigate the short-term effects of 10-Cl-BBQ administration. (C) Model of murine AIT in OVA-induced AAI to explore the long-term impact of 10-Cl-BBQ administration. (D) Experimental design of 10-Cl-BBQ treatment in a murine model of OVA-induced AAI, performed in AhR -/- and wild-type mice. AAI, allergic airway inflammation; AhR -/- , aryl hydrocarbon receptor knockout; AIT, allergen-specific immunotherapy; i.p., intraperitoneal; OVA, ovalbumin; s.c., subcutaneous.

Article Snippet: 10 mg/kg 10-Cl-BBQ (Bio-Techne GmbH, Wiesbaden, Germany), dissolved in anisole (Merck) and further diluted in peanut oil (Merck), combined with AIT or single-treatment strategy, was performed daily with i.p. injections from day 34 to 42.

Techniques: Knock-Out

Journal: Frontiers in Immunology

Article Title: Activation of the aryl hydrocarbon receptor improves allergen-specific immunotherapy of murine allergic airway inflammation: a novel adjuvant option?

doi: 10.3389/fimmu.2024.1397072

Figure Lengend Snippet: Long-term effects of the combination of AIT and 10-Cl-BBQ treatment on lung histopathology and immune cells. (A) Representative PAS staining of lung sections (arrowheads: mucus hypersecretion; arrows: inflammatory cell infiltrate; scale bar: 100 µm) and scoring of mucus hypersecretion (n = 10 – 13) and inflammatory cell infiltrate (n = 10 – 13). (B) Flow cytometric analysis of Th cell subsets, alveolar macrophages, eosinophils, and neutrophils isolated from lung tissue (n = 10 – 13). Gaussian and non-Gaussian distributed results were analyzed by 1-way ANOVA with Tukey’s test or Kruskal-Wallis test with Dunn’s test, respectively. The bar charts show the mean with standard deviation. p-values of ≤.05, ≤.01, ≤.001, and ≤.0001 are shown as *, **, ***, and ****, respectively. (C) Clusters in tSNE embedding after scRNA-seq analysis of enriched pulmonary CD4 + T cells and (D) percentages of clusters. AIT, allergen-specific immunotherapy; BQ, 10-Cl-BBQ; CD, cluster of differentiation; NKT cells, natural killer T cells; PAS, periodic acid-Schiff; scRNA-seq, single-cell RNA sequencing; Th & Treg, T helper & regulatory cells; tSNE, t-distributed stochastic neighbor.

Article Snippet: 10 mg/kg 10-Cl-BBQ (Bio-Techne GmbH, Wiesbaden, Germany), dissolved in anisole (Merck) and further diluted in peanut oil (Merck), combined with AIT or single-treatment strategy, was performed daily with i.p. injections from day 34 to 42.

Techniques: Histopathology, Staining, Isolation, Standard Deviation, RNA Sequencing Assay

Journal: Frontiers in Immunology

Article Title: Activation of the aryl hydrocarbon receptor improves allergen-specific immunotherapy of murine allergic airway inflammation: a novel adjuvant option?

doi: 10.3389/fimmu.2024.1397072

Figure Lengend Snippet: Effect of experimental AIT and 10-Cl-BBQ treatment on the expression of the AhR target gene Cyp1a1 in murine lung tissue. (A) Gene expression analysis of Cyp1a1 in lung tissue 24 h after the last 10-Cl-BBQ administration (day 43; Figure 1B ); (n = 5 – 8). (B) Gene expression analysis of Cyp1a1 in lung tissue 22 days after the last 10-Cl-BBQ administration and an additional OVA challenge phase (day 44; Figure 1C ); (n = 10 – 13). Data analyzed by 1-way ANOVA with Tukey’s test. Data is displayed as box plots with whiskers indicating 1-99 percentile. p-values of ≤.01, ≤.001, and ≤.0001 are shown as **, ***, and ****, respectively. AIT, allergen-specific immunotherapy; BQ, 10-Cl-BBQ; Cyp1a1 , Cytochrome P450 Family 1 Subfamily A Member 1.

Article Snippet: 10 mg/kg 10-Cl-BBQ (Bio-Techne GmbH, Wiesbaden, Germany), dissolved in anisole (Merck) and further diluted in peanut oil (Merck), combined with AIT or single-treatment strategy, was performed daily with i.p. injections from day 34 to 42.

Techniques: Expressing

Journal: Frontiers in Immunology

Article Title: Activation of the aryl hydrocarbon receptor improves allergen-specific immunotherapy of murine allergic airway inflammation: a novel adjuvant option?

doi: 10.3389/fimmu.2024.1397072

Figure Lengend Snippet: Short-term effects of 10-Cl-BBQ treatment and AIT on BALF cell counts and cytokine levels. (A) Total and differential BALF cell counts and (B) cytokine levels in the BALF measured at the end (day 43) of the experiment (n = 5 – 8). Gaussian and non-Gaussian distributed results were analyzed by 1-way ANOVA with Tukey’s test or Kruskal-Wallis test with Dunn’s test, respectively. The bar charts show the mean with standard deviation. p-values of ≤.05, ≤.01, ≤.001, and ≤.0001 are shown as *, **, ***, and ****, respectively. AIT, allergen-specific immunotherapy; BQ, 10-Cl-BBQ; BALF, bronchoalveolar lavage fluid; CD, cluster of differentiation; IL, interleukin.

Article Snippet: 10 mg/kg 10-Cl-BBQ (Bio-Techne GmbH, Wiesbaden, Germany), dissolved in anisole (Merck) and further diluted in peanut oil (Merck), combined with AIT or single-treatment strategy, was performed daily with i.p. injections from day 34 to 42.

Techniques: Standard Deviation

Journal: Frontiers in Immunology

Article Title: Activation of the aryl hydrocarbon receptor improves allergen-specific immunotherapy of murine allergic airway inflammation: a novel adjuvant option?

doi: 10.3389/fimmu.2024.1397072

Figure Lengend Snippet: Short-term effects of 10-Cl-BBQ treatment and AIT on immune cells in the lung. Flow cytometric analysis of T helper cell subsets, alveolar macrophages, eosinophils, and neutrophils isolated from lung tissue (n = 5 – 8). Gaussian and non-Gaussian distributed results were analyzed by 1-way ANOVA with Tukey’s test or Kruskal-Wallis test with Dunn’s test, respectively. The bar charts show the mean with standard deviation. p-values of ≤.05, ≤.01, ≤.001, and ≤.0001 are shown as *, **, ***, and ****, respectively. AIT, allergen-specific immunotherapy; BQ, 10-Cl-BBQ.

Article Snippet: 10 mg/kg 10-Cl-BBQ (Bio-Techne GmbH, Wiesbaden, Germany), dissolved in anisole (Merck) and further diluted in peanut oil (Merck), combined with AIT or single-treatment strategy, was performed daily with i.p. injections from day 34 to 42.

Techniques: Isolation, Standard Deviation

Journal: Frontiers in Immunology

Article Title: Activation of the aryl hydrocarbon receptor improves allergen-specific immunotherapy of murine allergic airway inflammation: a novel adjuvant option?

doi: 10.3389/fimmu.2024.1397072

Figure Lengend Snippet: Long-term effects of the combination of AIT and 10-Cl-BBQ treatment on BALF cell counts and cytokine levels. (A) Total and differential BALF cell counts and (B) cytokine levels in the BALF measured at the end (day 64) of the experiment (n = 10 – 13). Gaussian and non-Gaussian distributed results were analyzed by 1-way ANOVA with Tukey’s test or Kruskal-Wallis test with Dunn’s test, respectively. The bar charts show the mean with standard deviation. p-values of ≤.05, ≤.01, ≤.001, and ≤.0001 are shown as *, **, ***, and ****, respectively. AIT, allergen-specific immunotherapy; BQ, 10-Cl-BBQ; CD, cluster of differentiation; IL, interleukin.

Article Snippet: 10 mg/kg 10-Cl-BBQ (Bio-Techne GmbH, Wiesbaden, Germany), dissolved in anisole (Merck) and further diluted in peanut oil (Merck), combined with AIT or single-treatment strategy, was performed daily with i.p. injections from day 34 to 42.

Techniques: Standard Deviation

Journal: Frontiers in Immunology

Article Title: Activation of the aryl hydrocarbon receptor improves allergen-specific immunotherapy of murine allergic airway inflammation: a novel adjuvant option?

doi: 10.3389/fimmu.2024.1397072

Figure Lengend Snippet: Long-term effects of the combination of AIT and 10-Cl-BBQ treatment on immunoglobulin titers. Analysis of total IgE, OVA-sIgE, total IgG1, and OVA-sIgG1 in serum samples collected at the end (day 64) of the experiment (n = 10 – 13). Gaussian and non-Gaussian distributed results were analyzed by 1-way ANOVA with Tukey’s test or Kruskal-Wallis test with Dunn’s test, respectively. The bar charts show the mean with standard deviation. p-values of ≤.05, ≤.01, ≤.001, and ≤.0001 are shown as *, **, ***, and ****, respectively. AIT, allergen-specific immunotherapy; BQ, 10-Cl-BBQ; Ig, immunoglobulin; OVA, ovalbumin; sIg, specific immunoglobulin.

Article Snippet: 10 mg/kg 10-Cl-BBQ (Bio-Techne GmbH, Wiesbaden, Germany), dissolved in anisole (Merck) and further diluted in peanut oil (Merck), combined with AIT or single-treatment strategy, was performed daily with i.p. injections from day 34 to 42.

Techniques: Standard Deviation

Journal: Frontiers in Immunology

Article Title: Activation of the aryl hydrocarbon receptor improves allergen-specific immunotherapy of murine allergic airway inflammation: a novel adjuvant option?

doi: 10.3389/fimmu.2024.1397072

Figure Lengend Snippet: AhR-dependency of 10-Cl-BBQ administration on allergic airway inflammation. (A) Total and differential BALF cell counts at the end (day 64) of the experiment (n = 6 – 13). (B) Representative PAS staining of lung sections (arrowheads: mucus hypersecretion; arrows: inflammatory cell infiltrate; scale bar: 100 µm) and scoring of mucus hypersecretion (n = 6 – 13) and inflammatory cell infiltrate (n = 6 – 13). (C) Flow cytometric analysis of Th cell subsets from lung tissue (n = 6 – 13). Data analyzed by 2-way ANOVA with Tukey’s multiple comparisons test or Sidak’s multiple comparisons test, respectively. The bar charts show the mean with standard deviation. p-values of ≤.05, ≤.01, ≤.001, and ≤.0001 are shown as *, **, ***, and ****, respectively. AhR, aryl hydrocarbon receptor; BALF, bronchoalveolar lavage fluid; BQ, 10-Cl-BBQ; CD, cluster of differentiation; OVA, ovalbumin; PAS, periodic acid-Schiff; Th & Treg, T helper & regulatory cells.

Article Snippet: 10 mg/kg 10-Cl-BBQ (Bio-Techne GmbH, Wiesbaden, Germany), dissolved in anisole (Merck) and further diluted in peanut oil (Merck), combined with AIT or single-treatment strategy, was performed daily with i.p. injections from day 34 to 42.

Techniques: Staining, Standard Deviation

Journal: Acta Pharmaceutica Sinica. B

Article Title: Encoding and display technologies for combinatorial libraries in drug discovery: The coming of age from biology to therapy

doi: 10.1016/j.apsb.2024.04.006

Figure Lengend Snippet: Representative marketed and investigational new drugs discovered by using encoding and display technologies.

Article Snippet: , Genentech , Ranibizumab (Lucentis, RG-6321) , Vascular endothelial growth factor A (VEGF-A) inhibitors , Choroidal neovascularisation; Degenerative myopia; Diabetic macular oedema; Diabetic retinopathy; Retinal oedema; Retinopathy of prematurity; Wet age-related macular degeneration; Polypoidal choroidal vasculopathy , 1) Approved 2) Phase I/II , .

Techniques: Clinical Proteomics, Histone Deacetylase Assay